Using the longest history of a U.S. equity market index, this paper simulates the return deviation and multiple deviation for Leveraged Exchange-Traded Products (LETPs) with different rebalancing frequencies, including daily, monthly, annually, and every five years, over various holding periods....

Purpose – This paper aims to assess the impact of the global financial crisis of 2007-09 on the risk structure of S&P 500 firms by examining their market, active, and residual risks before and during the crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The classic one-factor model is estimated for each...

Purpose – This paper aims to assess the impact of the global financial crisis of 2007-09 on the risk structure of S&P 500 firms by examining their market, active, and residual risks before and during the crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The classic one-factor model is estimated for each...

Purpose – This paper aims to assess the impact of the global financial crisis of 2007‐09 on the risk structure of S&P 500 firms by examining their market, active, and residual risks before and during the crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The classic one‐factor model is estimated for...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine if there is a significant difference in the investment risks between small-cap manufacturers that heavily depend on one or a few buyers, referred to as “dependent-buyers,” and small-cap manufacturers that have a more diversified customer...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the efficacy of an application of modern portfolio theory (MPT) from 2000 through 2009, a period during which the annual rate of return on the S & P 500 is negative. The financial media have called this period “the lost decade” for investors....