As a fundamental infrastructure in the Era of Information, a broadband network has a significant impact on democracy, economy, and society, indicating the importance of policy to increase broadband penetration. Considering the characteristics of broadband as a network, many governments...

Empirical research about the effects of vertical integration in cable television suggests that in spite of differences in the economic architectures of cable and Internet broadband, integrated ISPs have economic incentives in some realistic circumstances to favor vertically integrated content...

The growth of broadband penetration has been a worldwide concern. Because broadband has considerable spillover effects on our economy and society, many governments are striving to achieve high broadband diffusion and investment. As a “required infrastructure enabler” (OECD, 2008b), broadband...

The effects of inocula from eight different digester facilities were investigated to reveal the key bacterial communities and the correlation of substrate degradation rate k with initial biodiversity as precursors to degrade palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), and oleic acid (OA) during...