We study the effects of the introduction of a call auction in the closing stages of the trading day in Borsa Italiana's (BIt) equity markets. We show that the Closing Call Auction (CCA) drastically reduces spread and volatility just before the close of trading, while having a negligible effect...

We propose a simple approach to account for commonalities in mutual fund strategies that relies solely on information on fund returns and investment objectives. Our approach augments commonly used factor models with an additional benchmark that represents an equal investment in all same-category...

We develop a model in which the speed of reaction to trading opportunities is endogenous. Traders face a trade-off between the benefit of being first to seize a profit opportunity and the cost of attention required to be first to seize this opportunity. The model provides an explanation for...

We devel op a dynamic modelof anorder-drivenmarket populated bydiscretionary liquidity traders. These tradersmust trade, yet canchoose the type oforder and are fully strategic in their decision. Traders differ by their impatience: less patient traders are likely to demand liquidity, more patient...

This paper develops a new approach to control for commonalities in actively managed investment fund returns when measuring their performance. Many investment fund managers systematically load on common priced factors that are omitted from popular models, exhibit similarities in their choices of...

We argue that dividend stickiness, the tendency of managers to keep dividends unchanged, implies that managers use a partially pooling dividend policy. We offer a model that demonstrates how such a policy can evolve endogenously in equilibrium. An informed manager who cares about the firm's...

Stock-based compensation is the standard solution to agency problems between shareholders and managers. In a dynamic rational expectations equilibrium model with asymmetric information we show that although stock-based compensation causes managers to work harder, it also induces them to hide any...

We develop a dynamic model of a limit order market populated by strategic liquidity traders of varying impatience. In equilibrium, patient traders tend to submit limit orders, whereas impatient traders submit market orders. Two variables are the key determinants of the limit order book dynamics...

On January 20, 1997, the Securities and Exchange Commission began requiring Nasdaq market makers to execute or display customer limit orders. In addition, Nasdaq began displaying quotes placed by market makers to execute or display customer limit orders. In addition, Nasdaq began displaying...

World equity markets increasingly convert to electronic trading, in many cases adopting the format of a pure electronic order book without intermediaries. A distinguishing feature of this format is that a high proportion of available liquidity is committed (displayed) rather than implicit or...