Supplier reliability is a key determinant of a manufacturer’s competitiveness. It reflects a supplier’s capability of order fulfillment, which can be measured by the percentage of order quantity delivered in a given time window. A perfectly reliable supplier delivers an amount equal to the...

We study hedging cash flow risks in a supply chain where firms invest internal funds to improve production efficiencies. We offer a decomposition framework to capture the cost reduction and flexibility effect of hedging. It allows us to understand how a firm's hedging choice depends on its...