(Report based on Background Study for European Competitiveness Report 2012, see http //ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/competitiveness-analysis/european-competitiveness-report/index_en.htm) Summary The ongoing internationalization of production has altered the...

This paper describes the effects of the 2009 global financial crisis on firms' access to financing for investment projects. The analysis uses data from the Latin American and Caribbean Enterprise Surveys 2006 and 2010, demonstrating that during the crisis, the availability of internal sources...

This paper aims to complement work done within the WIOD project (the "World Input Output Database" project financed by the EU's Seventh Framework Programme), which compiled supply and use tables for 40 countries, covering about 85 percent of the world economy. The paper describes the derivation...

Innovations, as highly risky, costly and uncertain activities, are extremely selective, giving rise to only a small group of lucky winners with substantial returns. This paper builds on the observation that returns to both firm and market novelties (MNs) are significantly right-skewed and, with...

In recent years, firms have considerably decentralized their research and development (R&D) activities. Subsidiaries of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) are now among the top performers of R&D in many EU and non-EU countries. Specifically, MNE affiliates account for around 20% of total...

Increasing fragmentation of production across borders is changing the nature of international competition. As a result, conventional indicators of competitiveness based on gross exports become less informative and new measures are needed. In this paper we propose an ex-post accounting framework...

Summary Industrial policies in the EU have markedly shifted towards ‘horizontal’ measures and framework polices. The sustained de-industrialisation of several European economies and a general perception that countries with a strong manufacturing base emerged from the crisis in a strengthened...

Abstract The increasing international fragmentation of production has triggered the development of a number of widely used indicators accounting for value added flows in the world economy. This paper generalises these measures by simultaneously considering the import side and focusing on...