Spanish firms, including data on innovation and trade, we find clear sequencing between imports, exports and innovation. The … from trade focusing solely on exports, whereby firm's learning effects are accounted in the form of total factor …The paper explores the learning from trade hypothesis. Standardized research approach searches for learning effects …

. This was part of a persistent failure to adjust to trade deficits, which, along with rising net income payments, led to …

became more dependent on external trade in physical terms. In fact, its imports are more than twice the amount of its exports … results of a material flow analysis for Spain for the period from 1980 to 2000. The analysis reveals that neither strong nor …, materials mobilised by the Spanish economy (DMI) increased by 85% in absolute terms, surpassing GDP growth. In addition, Spain …

became more dependent on external trade in physical terms. In fact, its imports are more than twice the amount of its exports … results of a material flow analysis for Spain for the period from 1980 to 2000. The analysis reveals that neither strong nor …, materials mobilised by the Spanish economy (DMI) increased by 85% in absolute terms, surpassing GDP growth. In addition, Spain …