We document the occurrence of process claims in granted U.S. patents over the last century. Using novel data on the … type of independent patent claims, we show an increase in the annual share of process claims of about 25 percentage points … (from below 10% in 1920). This rise in process intensity is not limited to a few patent classes but can be observed across a …

This paper evaluates the impact of Chinese import penetration on the innovation of Vietnamese manufacturing firms from … 2011 to 2015, exploiting variations in import exposure by industry specialization and instrumenting for Chinese import … imports from China make domestic firms adopt new technologies or innovations in their products. …

This paper investigates the differences in innovation behaviour, i.e. differences in innovation sources and innovation … into account: innovation inputs in enterprises, cooperation among firms in R&D activities, the benefits of cooperation with … business partners and innovation effects (innovation outputs and international competitiveness of firms' products and …

. We argue that the key cause is pervasive trade secrecy in the complex area of biologics manufacturing. Under the current … regime, this trade secrecy, combined with certain features of FDA regulation, not only creates high barriers to entry of … information disclosure to originator manufacturers would leverage the existing interaction of trade secrecy and the regulatory …

environmental regulation on innovation and on productivity generally in separate analyses and mostly focusing on the USA. The few … regulation on the output of innovation activity, as proxied by patents, thus providing support in favor of the "weak" PH in line … existing studies focusing on Europe investigate the effect of environmental regulation either on green innovation or on …

This paper investigates the differences in innovation behaviour, i.e. differences in innovation sources and innovation … into account: innovation inputs in enterprises, cooperation among firms in R&D activities, the benefits of cooperation with … business partners and innovation effects (innovation outputs and international competitiveness of firms' products and …

of technological competitiveness (based on innovation in products and markets) or cost competitiveness (relying on … innovation in processes and machinery) and their impact on economic performances. We propose models for the determinants of … classes that group manufacturing and services industries with distinct patterns of innovation. Tests are carried out by …

We explore the tail of patented invention value distributions by using value estimates obtained directly from patent … holders. The paper focuses on those full-term German patents of the application year 1977 which were held by West German and U ….S. residents. The most valuable patents in our data account for a large fraction of the cumulative value over all observations …