This paper argues that in the European Union (EU) deposit insurance funds are too difficult to use in bank resolution and too easy to use outside resolution. The paper proposes reforms in three areas for the effective management of bank failures of small and medium-sized banks in the European...

This paper examines the impact of charter type, holding company structure, and measures of bank fragility on the likelihood of a bank bailout or failure during the late 2000s financial crisis. The empirical results indicate that established institutions were more likely to fail if they were...