policy, transparency, simplification …-high tech industries. Key words: Customs, global value chains, GVCs, intermediate inputs, trade facilitation, trade flows, trade …

Non-transparency is a term given in this paper to a set of government policies that increase the risk and uncertainty … corruption, unstable economic policies, weak and poorly enforced property rights, and inefficient government institutions. Our … empirical analysis shows that the degree of non-transparency is an important factor in a country's attractiveness to foreign …

the East African Customs Union. The analysis finds that deep integration in the East African Customs Union that lowers …

and level of corruption. A great majority of the firms also indicated future expansion of their operations and the ASEAN … of permits as most problematic issues affecting their operations. They also pointed out the lack of transparency in … guidelines and procedures, corruption, and the nonuniformity of investment incentives given by the major IPAs. Meanwhile …