Since the onset of the Global Financial Crisis, the presence of institutional investors in housing markets has steadily … increased over time. Real estate funds (REIFs) and other housing investment Örms leverage large-scale buy-to-rent real estate …

policy tools, residential loan-to-value (LTV), debt-to-income, and buy-to-let LTV ratio, on British consumers’ housing market … expectations. A policy loosening generally leads to higher house price expectations, more positive sentiment about housing … transactions and stock market investments, improved affordability evaluations, and a reduction in planned non-housing spending …

Housing market developments are in the spotlight in Europe. Over-stretched valuations amid tightening financial … macroprudential policy between ensuring financial system resilience and smoothing the macro-financial cycle. Against this backdrop …, this paper provides detailed considerations regarding how to (re)set macroprudential policy tools in response to housing …