Element ends with two sections showing first how measures of inequality, poverty and welfare may be derived from such an order …-called Paroush approach and Item Response Theory. An empirical illustration follows, based on the 2019 Eurobarometer Survey. The …

Empirical research on poverty today often goes beyond a focus on income to consider other dimensions of well …-being. However, relatively few multidimensional poverty measures explicitly consider time, despite its particular relevance to women …'s double burden of paid and unpaid work. We construct a bivariate relative poverty line between income and leisure, based on …