This article argues that the degradation of consumer data privacy in the digital environment causes objective detriment to consumers and undermines the competitive process, and should therefore be of critical concern to competition authorities. It is notorious that consumers are frequently...

Two important features of European integration have been a deepening commitment to in-formation privacy as a fundamental human right, and the successful integration of technical standards into the regulatory framework to support the growth of the internal market. This paper will explore the...

The last two decades have borne witness to the unstoppable rise of the Internet and other information and communication technologies that have gradually introduced changes in social life. It is commonly understood that this implies rethinking the law of effectiveness in a “2.0 world.” The...

The EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation has caused a wide debate between lawyers and legal scholars and many opinions have been voiced on the issue of the right to be forgotten. In order to analyse the relevance of the new rule provided by Article 17 of the Proposal, this paper...

This paper argues that the endorsement of certification in the General Data Protection Regulation (hereinafter GDPR) makes of this procedure a new type of regulation instrument filling the gap between the self-regulation and the regulation. The lawmaker leveraged the flexibility with which...

The Digital Markets Act (“DMA”) will soon become part of EU law. Clearly, the DMA will not apply in a vacuum; instead, it is meant to complement national and EU rules that establish obligations for gatekeeper platforms. The text of the DMA states that the Regulation will apply “without...

This chapter provides a critical account of the substantive content of the GDPR. Particular emphasis is put on the concepts of personal data, data controller/processor and consent. New user rights including the co-called right to be forgotten, the alleged "right to an explanation" and data...