In this paper we review the recent liberalization process in energy markets promoted by the European Commission in the late Nineties and implemented in all the member countries. The electricity and gas industries are characterized by a predominant role of network infrastructures, and by upstream...

The aim of the chapter is to answer the question about the scope and consequences of the process of Europeanization of the EU energy policy. The phenomenon is caused not only by the pressure from Brussels, but, most of all, by challenges and threats from outside the European system. The point of...

Traditionally, European energy market regulation has dealt with electricity and gas from a market-oriented perspective in the effort of creating a common internal energy market to foster economic efficiency, security of supply and competitiveness. To a lesser extent, EU law also deals with oil,...