The introduction of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) allows the central bank to engage in large-scale intermediation by competing with private financial intermediaries for deposits. Yet, since a central bank is not an investment expert, it cannot invest in long-term projects itself, but...

Should a central bank digital currency (CBDC) be issued? Should its design be cash- or depositlike? To answer these questions, we theoretically and quantitatively assess the effects of a CBDC on consumption, banking and welfare. Our model introduces new general equilibrium linkages across...

Central banks around the world are examining the possibility of introducing Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). The public’s preferences concerning the usage of CBDC for paying and saving are important determinants of the success of CBDC. Using data from a representative panel of Dutch...

This paper builds a model with imperfect competition in the banking sector. In the model, banks issue deposits and make loans, and deposits can be used as payment instruments by households. We use the model to assess the general equilibrium effects of introducing a central bank digital currency...

Financial inclusion continues to be a significant challenge in Nigeria since many Nigerians are excluded from the financial ecosystem. This article investigates the impact of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on digital financial inclusion using a quantitative research design and data...

The creation of central bank digital currencies, or CBDCs, is typically discussed from the standpoint of tradeoffs, as if the crucial question at hand were only how to improve the efficiency and security of the payment system, or, more ambitiously, how to design money to fend off global warming,...

We review the nascent but fast-growing literature on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), focusing on their potential impacts on private banks. We evaluate these impacts in three areas of traditional banking: payments, lending, and liquidity and maturity transformation. For each area, we...

The bulk of euro-denominated cash is held for store of value purposes, with such holdings sharply increasing in times of high economic uncertainty. We develop a Diamond and Dybvig model with public money as a store of value and heterogeneous beliefs about bank stability that accounts for this...

The introduction of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) allows the central bank to engage in large-scale intermediation by competing with private financial interme-diaries for deposits. Yet, since a central bank is not an investment expert, it cannot invest in long-term projects itself, but...

How does a central bank digital currency (CBDC) affect bank deposit market competition? This paper shows that cash-like retail e-CNY enhanced the deposit market competition by reshaping the perceived riskiness differential between large and small banks. I document the “convergence” of large...