Schiff, Maurice W.; Wang, Yanling - 2010
) of trade-related foreign R&D (NRD), education and governance. The measures of NRD are constructed based on industry … variables – education, governance or openness – result in virtuous growth cycles. These are smallest under an increase in trade …) education and governance have a much larger direct effect on TFP in LAC than in DEV, while the opposite holds for the North's R …