babysit, which generate motherhood earnings penalty in labor market. Finally, well-being analysis shows that subjective … mother implies a sharp decline in labor earnings, labor market participation, working hours and wage rate, while fathers … a child, mothers have a higher likelihood for engaging in informal jobs and less possibility of being promoted if they …

This paper estimates the effect of childcare availability on parents' employment probability using the timing of death … mechanisms. Through their impact on childcare availability, grandmothers' deaths reduce mothers' employment rate by 12 percentage … points (27 percent) and do not affect fathers' employment rate. The negative effect on mothers' employment is smaller where …

on adult children's labor market outcomes and the underlying mechanisms. In this paper, we use Danish administrative data … to examine the effects of losing a parent on individual labor market outcomes and its contribution to gender earnings … family support channels. Our findings reveal enduring negative effects on the earnings of both adult sons and daughters: sons …

We study the short- and long-run impact of motherhood on labour market outcomes and explore the individual and firm … around childbirth, we show that the long-run child penalty in annual earnings is 57 log points and it largely depends on the … change in labour supply along the intensive margin. The birth of a child increases the probability of transition to non-employment …