The increasing demand for water treatment and reverse osmosis -- Technical overview of the RO membrane -- The beginnings of research in the public sector -- Development for commercialization by private companies -- The rise of Japanese companies.

Purpose: Starting from industry 4.0 in Germany and followed by the New Strategy for American Innovation in the USA and the smartization strategy in Japan, developed countries are pushing nation-wide innovation strategies. Similarly, China is pursuing the Made in China 2025, and Korea announced...

Purpose: Although the growth of trade industry has been pushed mainly by intermediary trades due to Koreas geopolitical characteristics, intermediary trades fail to take the pivotal role in industrial growth because the environment could not support the industry on the national level. This study...