Purpose – This study aims to look into how volatility significantly impacts the tracking error for daily-rebalanced leveraged bull and bear ETFs. Design/methodology/approach – Using Morningstar return data and Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) volatility index (VIX) data, the paper...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to uncover the strategic nature of formal seed capital in Norway as opposed to equally sized venture capital firms. Design/methodology/approach – As the population of Norwegian seed capital firms is embedded in this study, a differential approach is...

We study the role of liquidity management tools (LMTs) in mitigating financial fragility in investment funds during the COVID-19 market distress. We employ a unique dataset that reports the availability of different types of LMTs in a sample of Irish-domiciled corporate bond funds. We find that...

We study the role of liquidity management tools (LMTs) in mitigating financial fragility in investment funds during the COVID-19 market distress. We employ a unique dataset that reports the availability of different types of LMTs in a sample of Irish-domiciled corporate bond funds. We find that...