Financial markets are complex systems. Network analysis is an innovative method for improving data sharing and knowledge discovery in financial data. Oriented weighted networks were created for the Shanghai Composite, S&P500, DAX30, CAC40, Nikkei225, FTSE100, IBEX35 indexes, for CNY-JPY,...

Diversification of financial securities is considered a substantial element of portfolio risk. In this context, the construction of an optimal portfolio is an ongoing concern for portfolio managers. This study measures the risk-reward tradeoffs linked to the stock indexes of Germany, Spain,...

The purpose of this paper is to identify the long-run and short-run relationship between the values of the Macedonian Stock Exchange Index composed of 10 most liquid listed stocks (MBI10), the Zagreb Stock Exchange Index (CROBEX) composed of the most liquid listed stocks, the Sarajevo Stock...

The financial markets, shaped by dynamic forces, including macroeconomic trends and technological advancements, are influenced by a multitude of factors impacting the S&P 500 stock index, a pivotal indicator in the US equity markets. This paper highlights the significance of understanding the...

Investing in stocks and shares is a common strategy to pursue potential gains while considering future financial needs, such as retirement and children's education. Effectively managing investment risk requires thoroughly analyzing stock market returns and making informed predictions....