-farm employment and continued employment; and conducts the analysis by gender and rural/urban location. A significant share of the …-farm employment and continued employment are country- and gender-specific, with demographic factors, occurrence of shocks, and job …, the determinants and dynamics of individuals' participation in off-farm employment activities have not received adequate …

-farm employment and continued employment; and conducts the analysis by gender and rural/urban location. A significant share of the …-farm employment and continued employment are country- and gender-specific, with demographic factors, occurrence of shocks, and job …, the determinants and dynamics of individuals' participation in off-farm employment activities have not received adequate …

-farm jobs are self-employed activities in small informal businesses. More lucrative formal employment opportunities are rare and … employment than females. Furthermore, individual social networks and access to road and market infrastructure increase the … likelihood of off-farm employment. These results emphasize the policy need to acknowledge the important role of rural off …

This contribution documents the effect of the global financial crisis on women's off-farm employment in China's rural … labor force. It begins by comparing the difference between the actual off-farm employment rate and the off-farm employment … rate under the assumption of “business as usual” (BAU – a counterfactual of what off-farm employment would have been in the …