The serious implications of privatizing state-owned enterprises for politicians, managers, and investors make such … effects. A unique opportunity for this identification arises from a rule of promotion of local politicians based on age …

those politicians who get elected from a given district by a small margin, and those who lose. Using detailed information on … in the Parliament is slim). Politicians switch parties after an election to improve their ex-ante re-election probability …. These results point to forward-looking opportunistic behavior of politicians regarding their strategy to win future …