Background: Scheduling the arrival of external trucks in container terminals is a critical operational decision that faces both terminal managers and trucking companies. This issue is crucial for both stakeholders since the random arrival of trucks causes congestion in the terminals and extended...

Truck appointment systems (TAS) are a well-recognized method to smooth the peaks in truck arrivals at seaport container terminals and thereby reduce operation costs for the terminals and waiting times for trucking companies. This study analyzes the influence of different drayage patterns on the...

Background: Random truck arrivals at maritime container terminals are one of the primary reasons for gate congestion. Gate congestion negatively affects the terminal's and drayage firms' productivity and the surrounding communities in terms of air pollution and noise. To alleviate gate...

Truck appointment systems facilitate coordination between container terminals and drayage trucks in container pick-up operation reservation. However, in many cases, trucks with a reservation do not arrive at the scheduled appointment. As the number of no-shows increases, the container terminal's...