Over two dozen different terms for identification appear in the econometrics literature, including set identification …, causal identification, local identification, generic identification, weak identification, identification at infinity, and … many more. This survey: 1. gives a new framework unifying existing definitions of point identification, 2. summarizes and …

In absence of randomized controlled experiments, identification is often aimed via instrumental variable (IV … design credible identification strategies, aforemost finding candidates for valid instruments. We discuss prominent IV …