This paper examines how firms in an emerging economy are affected by violence due to drug trafficking. Employing rich … utilization. Resilience to violence differs widely across different types of employment within firms and across firms with … of the most affected firms and the channels through which they are affected. …

This paper examines how firms in an emerging economy are affected by violence due to drug trafficking. Employing rich … utilization. Resilience to violence differs widely across different types of employment within firms and across firms with … of the most affected firms and the channels through which they are affected. …

administrative costs of envelope wages in small versus large firms. …

Encouraging informal firms to register with the government is a key policy issue for developing economies. However, the … results show that formalization has a significantly positive impact on sales, value added, and regularly employed workers, but … business growth of formalized firms by hiring more formal workers. (Asian Dev Rev/GIGA) …

administrative costs of envelope wages in small versus large firms. …

competition and demand for Chilean exports. Our main finding is that increasing manufacturing import competition implied a … significant rise in labor informality in more exposed local markets, especially among young and unskilled workers. These groups …

competition and demand for Chilean exports. Our main finding is that increasing manufacturing import competition implied a … significant rise in labor informality in more exposed local markets, especially among young and unskilled workers. These groups …

This study explores the nexus of digitalization, formalization, and global value chain (GVC) participation, providing … digitalization on enterprise formalization and GVC participation have been inferred without sufficient empirical support, while few … studies have examined the reciprocal impact of formalization on GVC participation. Utilizing probit and tobit estimations with …

This study explores the nexus of digitalization, formalization, and global value chain (GVC) participation, providing … digitalization on enterprise formalization and GVC participation have been inferred without sufficient empirical support, while few … studies have examined the reciprocal impact of formalization on GVC participation. Utilizing probit and tobit estimations with …

studies the impact of violent conflict on firms, exploiting this period of heightened violence in Mexico commonly referred to … controls for observable and unobservable differences across cities and firms as well as for product-specific business cycles …-intensity within firms. It also deters domestic, but not international, trade. The effect of the violence shock on firms is very …