studies the impact of violent conflict on firms, exploiting this period of heightened violence in Mexico commonly referred to … controls for observable and unobservable differences across cities and firms as well as for product-specific business cycles …-intensity within firms. It also deters domestic, but not international, trade. The effect of the violence shock on firms is very …

Purpose - This study investigates how ICT adoption enhances the innovativeness of informal firms in West Africa, using …, these effects varied markedly between Ghana and Nigeria. Firms' spending on R&D, firm giving its employees the chance to … could help firms to introduce innovations into their companies in two West African countries, namely: Ghana and Nigeria …

Purpose - This study investigates how ICT adoption enhances the innovativeness of informal firms in West Africa, using …, these effects varied markedly between Ghana and Nigeria. Firms' spending on R&D, firm giving its employees the chance to … could help firms to introduce innovations into their companies in two West African countries, namely: Ghana and Nigeria …

This paper presents an analysis of factors shaping technology-upgrading efforts in the Mozambican manufacturing sector … analysis to identify factors associated with firms' decisions to engage in technology-upgrading efforts in three areas: (i … manufacturing technologies; (iii) and process engineering. In line with much of the literature on industrial organization and the …

of formalization policies. I estimate the model and use it analyze the two main policy approaches towards informality …: increasing the costs of informality (the stick), and reducing the costs of formality (the carrot). The results show that there … exist important tradeoffs between their micro and macro effects: while stick policies have uniformly worse effects on firms …

of formalization policies. I estimate the model and use it analyze the two main policy approaches towards informality …: increasing the costs of informality (the stick), and reducing the costs of formality (the carrot). The results show that there … exist important tradeoffs between their micro and macro effects: while stick policies have uniformly worse effects on firms …

to uncovered self-employed and informal salaried workers substantially altering the incentives for workers and firms to …, especially in small and medium sized firms. According to our estimates, had the program not been in place, 31.000 more employers …

using nationally representative survey data of Indian manufacturing enterprises for the period 1995-2006. In these years of … account for 90 per cent of total manufacturing employment. In order to contrast between a 'modernization' and a 'stagnation … traditional informal activities is related to increased outsourcing by formal manufacturing enterprises. …