This paper discusses the differences between the Annual Continuous PNAD and the recently discontinued Annual PNAD, both surveys developed by IBGE; the relevant distinctions on the social security dimension between the two surveys; the guidelines and the official methodology adopted for measuring...

The objectives of this paper are i) to assess the recent changes in the "actuarial factor" and their distributive and financial impacts in the short and long term. The actuarial factor was created in 1999 to adjust the individual benefit level according to age, time of contribution and life...

Although in the last decade, Brazil has experienced improvements in its major labor and social security indicators, a significant portion of the workers are still excluded from the social insurance system - group in which the self-employed workers are prevalent. In this context, the Brazilian...