This paper calculates effective tariffs by economic sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. The effective tariff differs from the nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to inputs along the production chain. A sector whose products are protected by high tariffs may...

This paper seeks to estimate the distributive impact of the taxes and other fiscal contributions that finance social security in Brazil. Making a certain number of strong hypotheses relative to the fiscal incidence of social security financing, we compute a measure of incidence that aggregates...

This paper seeks to estimate the distributive impact of the taxes and other fiscal contributions that finance social security in Brazil. Making a certain number of strong hypotheses relative to the fiscal incidence of social security financing, we compute a measure of incidence that aggregates...

This paper calculates effective tariffs by industrial sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. Effective tariff differs from nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to industrial inputs so that a sector whose products are protected by high tariffs may also be burdened...

In this paper, we estimate the distributive impacts of trade openness on within sector income distribution. The empirical approach is to estimate the econometric relation between effective rates of protection and various indicators of within sector inequality: the Gini and Theil indices of wage...

This paper calculates effective tariffs by economic sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. The effective tariff differs from the nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to inputs along the production chain. A sector whose products are protected by high tariffs may...

This paper seeks to estimate the distributive impact of the taxes and other fiscal contributions that finance social security in Brazil. Making a certain number of strong hypotheses relative to the fiscal incidence of social security financing, we compute a measure of incidence that aggregates...

This paper calculates effective tariffs by industrial sector for Brazil from 2000 to 2015. Effective tariff differs from nominal tariff in that it takes into consideration the protection given to industrial inputs so that a sector whose products are protected by high tariffs may also be burdened...

This paper seeks to estimate the distributive impact of the taxes and other fiscal contributions that finance social security in Brazil. Making a certain number of strong hypotheses relative to the fiscal incidence of social security financing, we compute a measure of incidence that aggregates...

Social protection policies can help address the multifaceted nature of child poverty and improve children's well-being, especially in the areas of education, health and nutrition. Providing adequate social protection to children is particularly relevant in the Middle East and North Africa...