For the first time, security and defence will be a separate heading in the next MFF even though Article 41.2 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) prohibits the use of the EU budget for defence reasons.

Mapping the EU defence industrial policy framework -- Understanding European defence industrial cooperation -- Establishing the European Defence Agency -- Adopting the Defence Transfers Directive -- Adopting the Defence Procurement Directive.

After decades of relative peace and security, Europe is faced with a conflict on its doorstep that threatens to upend the recent stability and shift geopolitical order. Russia's war of aggression in Ukraine has forced Europe to confront its shortcomings with regard to providing its own security...

Some … may look at the depleted nature of Russia's military after its invasion of Ukraine and incorrectly surmise that defence spending increases are not that necessary after all.

This paper seeks to delineate some preliminary factors and working methods that could work in favour of establishing a workable international export control regime for dual-use goods and technologies. Drawing on the work initiated by various United Nations initiatives and the Wassenaar...