In response to the financial crisis the European union proposed bail-ins as a new regulatory instrument. For banks this mechanism affects the funding costs which now depend on the amount of assets under encumbrance. Deriving an optimal level of asset encumbrance from the bank's perspective,...

Most industrial nations are reliant on a secure supply of raw materials but typically do not possess access to primary resources; a situation widely accepted by their respective governments which have instigated a variety of programs to secure availability. In this paper we explore the effect of...

This study investigates the impact of two changes to the auditor's report - a separate section addressing going concern uncertainties (GCU section [GCUsec]) and information on management and auditor responsibilities - and the characteristics of the audit committee on bank directors' perceptions...