financial inclusion (DFI), economic growth (EG), and gender equality (GE) across different levels of financial development … mitigating gender inequality. Conversely, in countries with less developed financial infrastructures, digital financial inclusion … stimulates economic growth but exacerbates gender disparities. Moreover, the variance decomposition analysis indicates that the …

spatiotemporal constraints. This paper embarks on a journey to address key inquiries within the MENA region. It explores digital … financial inclusion levels across MENA countries, identifies segments facing digital financial exclusion, scrutinizes the role … in a two-step principal component analysis method to create the MENA Digital Financial Inclusion Index (DFII), shedding …

North African (MENA) region, this study investigates the nonlinear impact of general trust (GT) and confidence in banks (CIB … general trust and financial inclusion with a nonlinear regression. Because the MENA region differs from others in terms of … culture and religion, our results vary from those in prior papers on non-MENA countries. …

Reference to gender in language can lead individuals to draw distinctions between genders and re-inforce traditional … views of gender roles. To test our hypothesis that language gender-marking exerts an influence on the gender gap in … at the individual level. We find the gender gap in the probability of owning a formal account, having access to a formal …