The United States relies on charitable medical care to serve the uninsured, most of which is offered by hospitals that … act as providers of last resort and that constitute the safety net. Traditionally, these hospitals have been able to … analyze the effects that financial pressures have on the provision of charity care by hospitals. To do so we look at the …

's charity caseload. However, these public hospitals also take on larger shares of most other types of patients. At the hospital …Many observers have blamed HMOs for increasing financial pressures on private hospitals and causing them to cut back on … the provision of charity care. We examine this issue using data on all hospital discharges in California between 1988 and …

infer returns from hospital entry behavior. We estimate a model of patient flows for CABG patients that provides inputs for …