volatility, especially in the past decade. Nevertheless, dollarised countries benefit from higher levels of investment and trade …

direct investment (FDI) and international trade to become key components of Albania’s economy. Against this backdrop, this … from the World Bank. Then, the following econometric tests were performed on the variables representing FDI inflows …, exports, and GDP as proxies for FDI, trade, and economic growth: the unit root test; the unit root test with a structural …

foreign direct investment (FDI). The study analyses a sample of 120 countries using the Global Innovation Index (GII) and its …This paper aims to investigate the impact of innovation on three macroeconomic indicators: GDP, self-employment, and … constituent sub-indices and pillars, which provide a holistic evaluation of national innovation. Gross domestic product (GDP) per …