Product perishability is an important problem in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains (PSC). Demand perishability and unpredictability add enormous complexity to successfully implementing efficient Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Network Design (PSCND). This study develops a mathematical model for the...

Waste production is growing in most communities due to population expansion. Given the stated issue, managing the Solid Waste (SW) created worldwide would be vital. Effective Waste Management (WM) is essential to preserving the environment and lowering pollution. It aids in resource...

Purpose: This study aim to examine the roots of professional resistance of procurement in Iran. Public procurement (PP) contracts, in developing countries, hide the structural problems of governmental management because of the lack of bureaucratic processes. Design/methodology/approach: A...