Using linear demands for two types of consumers, this note shows why discounts are ubiquitous and premia are rare. By observing premia, one can infer that the package sold at premium is undistorted and the single-crossing condition must hold.

We develop a two-factor, two-sector trade model of monopolistic competition with variable elasticity of substitution. Firms' profits and sizes may increase or decrease with market integration depending on the degree of asymmetry between countries. The country in which capital is relatively...

We explore the impact of reciprocal, specific or ad valorem, import tariffs on welfare among N symmetric countries (a free-trade agreement)—using the standard Krugman’s one-sector trade model, with unspecified variable-elasticity preferences (mostly under decreasing elasticity of utility)....

Nowadays Russian retail industry is going through its own "Walmart revolution" when chains are gaining a dominant position on the market crowding out small local shops. While retail markets of the US and Europe have reached stable stage of the development with only minor changes in the market...