The 2008 crisis made clear that credit rating agencies (CRAs) can contribute to systemic financial risk. Surprisingly, post-crisis reforms have hardly addressed the underlying problems, including rating agencies' methodologies, their ratings' homogeneity, and widespread market reliance on these...

Het Nederlandse beleid en beleidsdenken van de afgelopen drie decennia op het terrein van privatisering, verzelfstandiging en marktwerking vormde een antwoord op ingrijpende veranderingen in de economie, de samenleving en de overheid. Het volgde daarnaast ontwikkelingen in de economische en...

Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 How is money created? -- Chapter 3 The history of money creation -- Chapter 4 An appraisal of the financial monetary system -- Chapter 5 How does the sovereign money system work? -- Chapter 6 Advantages and disadvantages of the sovereign money system --...

The financial crisis demonstrated severe shortcomings in existing global, European and national regulatory and supervisory frameworks for the financial system. Although most attention was paid to regulatory flaws, the failure to prevent a near collapse of the financial system also triggered a...