When Vietnam started the Doi Moi (renovation) in the mid-1980s it was a backward agricultural country. Liberalising markets, allowing the establishment of private firms, integrating in the world economy and high FDI inflows stimulated growth and productivity development. However, this first face...

As an element of its "value-based trade policy" the European Union has institutionalised civil society participation in the context of its "New Generation Free Trade Agreements" less than ten years ago. In all recent trade agreements with partner countries, the EU includes a chapter on Trade and...