Pakistan. ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration is used to analyze the long run relationship of import demand, relative … expenditure components have positive and significant impact on import demand in Pakistan while the effect of relative prices is …This study is aimed at in-depth empirical analysis of impact of final expenditure components on import demand in …

Pakistan. ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration is used to analyze the long run relationship of import demand, relative … expenditure components have positive and significant impact on import demand in Pakistan while the effect of relative prices is …This study is aimed at in-depth empirical analysis of impact of final expenditure components on import demand in …

We develop a structural econometric model of import demand for Pakistan, with binding foreign exchange constraint. ARDL … from ARDL bound testing approach and Johansen’s method for cointegration show strong evidence of the existence of a long …-run stable relationship among the variables included in the import demand model. The price and income elasticity estimates have …

-run import elasticities with respect to the expenditure components. The study finds evidence of a long-run relationship between … aggregate imports, the expenditure components, domestic and import prices. The long-run import demand in Cote d'Ivoire is … imports with respect to the different components of final expenditure. Final consumption expenditure and investment …

components of total national income. We use the newly developed bounds testing approach to cointegration and estimate an error … correction model to separate the short- and long-run elements of the import demand relationship. The study shows inelastic import … demand for all the expenditure components and relative price. In the long-run, investment and exports are the major …

shift in China's demand structure is likely to increase import demand for sectors such as the food industry, agriculture …