This paper has explored the role of electricity consumption financial development and trade openness on the CO2 … between electricity consumption and CO2 emissions, and a unidirectional causality from financial development to CO2 emissions …

This paper applies the most recently developed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration procedure to re …-investigate co-integration and the causal relationship between energy consumption and real GDP within a multivariate framework that …

'Ivoire, Nigeria, South Africa, Togo and Zimbabwe. The results from MS-VAR models show that in regime one, two and three, Electricity …Knowledge of the direction of the causality between electricity consumption and economic growth is of primary … relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth by Markov Switching Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and Markov …