demonstrate that the biases stem from conventional event studies pooling together first-time mothers of all ages, without …-in-differences models. Applying it to administrative data from Germany, we demonstrate that considering heterogeneity by maternal age at … related gender gaps in Germany are even larger than previously thought. Moreover, we demonstrate that effects and their …

by their mothers) or in childcare. Most studies find positive effects of childcare on child outcomes for children from … preschool child. Yet, research is ongoing on what the long-term effects on children are of being looked after at home (primarily … disadvantaged backgrounds and moderate effects for children from more advantaged backgrounds. Policymakers need to improve …

employment transitions of West German, East German and migrant mothers of pre-school children. The results indicate that West …Given shortages in public child care in Germany, this paper asks whether social support with child care and domestic … work by spouses, kin and friends can facilitate mothers’ return to full-time or part-time positions within the first six …

the fact that only mothers whose child is born in or after July 2015 are eligible for the new part-time PL option in a … Difference-in-Differences strategy. We find that the policy increased the probability that high income mothers return to work …