Adaptive coding is defined as the adjustment of parameters of a cognitive process as a function of the task's statistical properties. Our aim is to demonstrate that adaptive coding maximizes performance in situations where decision-making follows a reinforcement learning process (RLM), and test...

We test experimentally an explanation of over and under confidence as motivated by (perhaps unconscious) strategic concerns, and find compelling evidence supporting this hypothesis in the behavior of participants who send and respond to others' statements of confidence about how well they have...