We develop a general economic framework for computing cartel damages claims by purchaser plaintiffs. We decompose the … lost profits from the cartel in three parts: the direct cost effect (or anticompetitive price overcharge), the pass … are affected by the cartel. We derive exact discounts to the direct cost effect, which depend on relatively easy …

likely to remain insufficient to deter collusion, unless European cartel enforcement produces a high (perceived) probability … representative modern international cartel. The exercise reveals that the Commission's recent commitments to punish cartels are … of discovery across the board. This calls for broad, unbiased, random and active cartel detection …