Carbon-based import tariffs are discussed as policy measures to reduce carbon leakage and increase the global cost …-effectiveness of unilateral CO2 emission pricing. We assess how the potential of carbon tariffs to increase cost-effectiveness of … sharply increased during this period. Yet, the CGE analysis suggests that the effectiveness of carbon tariffs in reducing …

reform of import tariff changes on the formal and informal labour market for Turkey. For that purpose, we benefit from … between formal labour employment in total and import tariff rates, the negative relationship occurs between informal … employment and tariff rates. …