The link between household poverty and child labor is much stronger in Pakistan than in Peru. Providing good schools in … data from Peruvian and Pakistani household surveys, Ray tests the hypotheses of a positive association between child labor … Pakistani data but not using Peruvian data. What explains these divergent results? The link between household poverty and child …

This paper presents evidence from a field experiment, which aims to identify the two sources of worker's pro …-social motivation that have been considered in the literature: action-oriented altruism and output-oriented altruism. To this end we …-oriented altruism. We then compare the latter to effort exerted in an environment where both types of altruistic preferences are …