will increase by 40%, oil - by 36%. The Arctic shelf is the largest and still the only source of undiscovered hydrocarbons …. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the share of the Arctic shelf is about one-fifth of all undiscovered recoverable oil … and gas reserves in the world. Most of these potential resources are located on the Russian part of the Arctic shelf …

examined. The implications of paradiplomacy for Russia's Arctic strategy are analyzed. …The paper aims at examining Russian sub-state units' Arctic 'foreign policies'. The paper starts from discussing which … and federal infrastructures, etc. The institutional framework available for the sub-state actors in the Arctic region is …