This article estimates equity wealth effects on euro area consumption, splitting equity returns into fundamental- and bubble-related components. The equity wealth effect is fundamental-driven, particularly strong since 1994, and operates comparatively quickly during negative bubble returns.

In-sample and out-of-sample evidence for major countries shows that stock price determinants (earnings, risk-free interest rate and equity risk premium) accurately predict real Gross Domestic Product beyond 1 year compared to the stock price index, dividend yield, price/earnings ratio and the...

This empirical study examines the relation between the equity premium - the difference between the expected stock and risk-free return - and inflation in the major economies in the post-Bretton Woods era. We estimate a country-average level of the equity premium between 0.8% and 2%, confirming a...

This paper studies the macroeconomic relevance of credit channels of monetary policy by examining the impact of the external finance premium (EFP), that may vary over the business cycle, on private consumption in Europe. A consumption model incorporates credit channels by assuming that...

Empirical results for the United States show that the credit risk premium leads the stock market by up to four weeks. They are robust across different stock market measures, empirical methods and sample periods. The finding of a flight to quality that first occurs in the corporate bond and...

This occasional paper explains why the bank lending survey was developed by the ECB and describes its main features. It discusses the importance of credit developments for both the economy and the functioning of monetary policy, and further clarifies why the survey was introduced. Furthermore,...

This study examines the macroeconomic determinants of corporate debt securities in the euro area. The financing costs, as approximated by the cost of debt securities vis-a-vis other sources of corporate finance, and financing needs, as captured by mergers and acquisitions and gross domestic...

For central banks, the monitoring of financing conditions plays a pivotal role in assessing the actual transmission of monetary policy impulses to borrowers. This paper presents in detail some of the indicators and data used by the ECB to assess financing conditions in the euro area. It also...

Regression results show that the external financing costs, the financing gap and profit expectations significantly matter for US and euro area aggregate (nonconstruction) investment. This finding supports the view that external and internal financing constraints hamper investment also at the...

This paper presents an error-correction model of the interest rate pass-through process based on a marginal cost pricing framework including switching and asymmetric information costs. Estimation results for the euro area suggest that the proportion of the pass-through of changes in market...