(VSSs) become quasi-mandatory for cocoa producers and grinders to ensure accessto these markets. Yet, their trade effects are … unclear. We study the effect of a VSSon raw and processed cocoa exports. We use a unique dataset that contains the … UTZCertified cocoa production quantity of cocoa-producing countries from 2010 to 2016.This allows us to estimate a gravity model of …

regimes on global cocoa trade. STATA statistical tool was employed in analyzing panel data from 10 leading cocoa … materials and products. Most cocoa-producing countries grow cocoa as a cash crop, thus, rely heavily on the trade of cocoa beans … and other product. Therefore, it would be counterintuitive to have all the profits from the trade of cocoa to be wiped out …

in the cocoa sector from the context of pesticide regulations. Such regulations are now increasingly common, due to their … perceived benefits for humans, animals, and the environment. The results of our study show that cocoa-exporting countries stand … standard or its variants, cocoa-exporting countries need to diversify into different markets to balance quality and quantity …

basket peg, or to a floating regime, and obtains transition paths for the shift based on a dynamic stochastic general … Thailand and find that a small open country would be better off shifting to a basket peg or to a floating regime than … maintaining a dollar-peg regime with capital controls over the long run. Furthermore, due to the welfare losses associated with …

uncertain about adherence to the fixing date and in which they take account of a possible delay in the regime switch. The closed …

The purpose of this paper is to test the common view on the actual exchange rate regime, using very simple but … including Korea have returned to the dollar peg or managed floating after the restoration from the crisis, as they did during … the pre-crisis period. The results also show that Korea has substantially changed her exchange rate regime since January …

a new regime was introduced for setting the fix - the midpoint of the CNY's daily trading range against the U.S. dollar …

-2001. The analysis indicates that a credible fixed peg has a positive impact on the value of bilateral trade. Moreover, the … positive impact on trade is more pronounced with a stricter definition of the fixed peg or a longer duration of the peg. This … supports the argument that the credibility of an exchange rate peg is an important element to determine bilateral trade. There …

This paper documents Norges Bank's role in the long transition period from a fixed exchange rate regime to inflation …