We formalize "degrees of fungibility" by differentiating goods according to both their underlying attributes and the perceived value and/or usefulness of those attributes to a value assessor. This allows us to distinguish between goods that appear to be "exactly the same" from those goods that...

Blockchain networks and similar cryptoeconomic networks are systems, specifically complex systems. They are adaptive networks with multiscale spatio-temporal dynamics. Individual actions may be incentivized towards a collective goal with "purpose-driven" tokens. Blockchain networks, for example,...

The rational expectations equilibrium has been criticized as an equilibrium concept in market game environments. Such an equilibrium may not exist generically, or it may introduce unrealistic assumptions about an economic agent's knowledge or computational ability. We define a rational...