This policy study on universal access to electric power (universal service) in China is based on research conducted by the China Electricity Regulatory Commission in 2006. China's policy on universal service has three facets: First, availability, that is, power service shall be available to all...

In many OECD countries, a primary longer term issue is how to provide universal service in the new competitive environment where voice is ubiquitous and cheap, voice revenues low and where voice has become just one of many applications provided on networks.

Over the past two decades China has achieved eye-catching development in the provision of telephone and Internet services in its vast rural areas. With the literature's lopsided focus on Western nations, a cohesive paradigm in mapping the Chinese style of universal service policy remains...

Universal Service would appear to be a dying concept. In most European countries, Universal Service – once a cornerstone of government intervention in the communications sector – has been narrowed down dramatically over the last ten years. A major reason for this is the assumption that...

Before there was the digital divide there was the analog divide - and universal service was the attempt to close that analog divide. Universal service is becoming ever more complex in terms of regulatory design as it becomes the digital divide. In order to evaluate the promise of the next...