Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to extend the animosity model developed by Klein et al. (1998) by … adding cultural and religious animosity constructs, to provide a tool with which to measure the cultural and religious …. Findings The cultural and religion animosity scale is created. Originality/value This fills a gap in the literature where there …

between cultural openness and animosity and trust, risk and purchase intention, but the consequents of the perceived … internationalize need to find out how to overcome the hurdle of target market animosity, to increase the cultural openness and to … role as a mediator factor. In addition, this study empirically tests how animosity and cultural openness influence …

Purpose As the Arab/Muslim-Israeli animosity case is attracting international attention, citizens of non-Arab and non … their empathic concern for the citizens of Palestine and Lebanon rather than by animosity towards Israel. Such concern is … evoked by their awareness of the animosity case and further strengthened by their self-transcendence/universalism values and …

paper is to investigate if outbreaks of animosity against the West (AAW) might benefit local brands by raising consumers … reliability. After an outbreak of animosity, AAW increases Chinese consumers’ WTB local products. The WTP is also enhanced by AAW … substituting western goods for local ones (e.g. inferior perceived quality and other-signaling value). An outbreak of animosity …

two countries and explores how the feelings of animosity toward the USA influence the desire of Russian tourists to …

reputation and consumer animosity effects in determining consumers’ purchase intentions in both emerging and developed markets … reputation on consumers’ purchase intention in both emerging and mature economies, it does not mediate the effect of animosity on …, animosity could play an important role in explaining the rejection of foreign products, but the increase of trust could mitigate …

Purpose This study contends that consumer ethnocentrism and animosity rest on semantic and episodic memory …, respectively. It further examines how the influence of consumer ethnocentrism and animosity on consumer boycott behaviour may vary … experiment to demonstrate the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism/animosity and semantic/episodic memory. To determine …

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the impacts of consumer ethnocentrism, animosity and cosmopolitanism on the … animosity negatively moderated these increases. Cosmopolitanism enhanced brand affect but not brand trust. Research limitations …

and ownership. An integrative model explores the predictive power of affinity, animosity, cosmopolitanism and … minds – the coexistence of affinity and animosity toward the same country. Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative …. Additionally, the data reveal that affinity and animosity are not bi-polar endpoints on a continuum. Finally, affinity outweighs …