We examine how the gender of a sibling affects earnings, education and family formation. Identification is complicated … with sisters obtain lower education and give birth earlier than women with brothers. Our analysis shows that the family …

education in China appear to be zero. We estimate an instrumental variables fixed effects model where share of college graduates … is instrumented by the number of universities with special status and find positive external returns to education of … rural, men, and low-educated workers. This finding provides the motivation for increasing education investment in rural …

The validity of family background variables instrumenting education in income regressions has been much criticized. In … violations of the strong validity assumption affect the estimation results. We show that, in case of moderate direct effects of … (perfect validity of the instrument). The size of the bias is in many cases smaller than the standard error of education …